Pie has a long and global history, with variations existing for centuries across diverse cultures. While often associated with sweet desserts today, pies originated with savory fillings and preservation techniques.
• 12th Century onwards: Pies, referred to as “pyes,” became common in England.
• 13th Century: Crusaders returning to England introduced new recipes that used meats, fruits, and spices, including mince pies during festive periods.
• 16th Century: The term “coffyn” was used for the pie crust, which acted as a container. Some historians suggest lower classes might have eaten the crusts, especially when soaked in the flavorful contents.
• 16th-17th Centuries: Fruit pies, such as the cherry pie served to Queen Elizabeth I, gained popularity. Elaborate pies containing live birds or small humans became entertainment for the wealthy.
The Americanization of pie
• 17th Century: English settlers introduced pie to America, adapting recipes with local ingredients like apples, pumpkins, and berries.
• 18th Century: The term “crust” replaced “coffyn” during theAmerican Revolution. The first American cookbook, published in 1796, included a recipe for “Pompkin Pudding” baked in a crust, a precursor to the classic American pumpkin pie.
• 19th Century: Pies with sweet fillings became a staple ofAmerican cuisine as sugar became more affordable. New England became a “pie belt” known for its pumpkin and fruit pies, often served at breakfast.
• Late 19th/Early 20th Centuries: Pie’s popularity briefly declined during a health movement, with critics labeling it unhealthy.
• Mid-20th Century onwards: Pie-making saw a resurgence with conveniences like ready-made crusts and refrigeration, which led to a wider variety of fillings.
Today, pie continues to be a cherished dish, evolving with cultural tastes and culinary innovations worldwide. According to The Arizona Republic, pies symbolize union, love, and comfort, continuing to bring people together.